Four Styles of Roman Wall Painting and Mosaics Essay...

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A. Mau, a German scholar, established four distinct styles of Roman wall painting at the sites of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Boscoreal, and other smaller sites covered with ash from the volcanic eruption at Mount Vesuvius. The styles begin with one direction, shift completely, and end on a more combined technique. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Style I, known as incrustation, began approximately during the second century b.c. This style features the strong influence of the Hellenistic Greek period in its surface decoration. At the Samnite House at Herculaneum, walls are painted as faux marble slabs. This is very typical of the influence of Hellenistic Greece. There is a three fold division of a Roman wall during†¦show more content†¦Unlike previous styles, the focus now is on elaboration and detail. Walls are divided into small panels with support framed paintings. Because paintings are now individual, there is greater ease at decorating and rooms can now be reworked much quicker and with greater ease. Oecus, at Pompeii, c. 63-79 AD is an example of this style. There is a panel depicting Hercules fighting off snakes in a gallery style room. Much of the work from this time reflects these ancient Hellenistic themes from mythology. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After the earthquake of AD 62, Pompeiian homes were rebuilt and redecorated in what is called Style IV by Mau. This style focuses on intricacies, and as in previous styles, more and more elaborate scenes continue to be created at this point. The detail of Achilles and Chiron from the basilica at Herculanuem, a fresco from the first century AD, truly feels the way style IV was meant to: true rich detail, the perfection of the craft. An accurate depiction of their world was created in home across the region. There is a strong sense of how light plays off objects. Landscapes are more realistic and the details are more important. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Style IV confines three dimensional images to two dimensional framed spaces like an exhibition. Images in a room are generally unrelated, but use strong aerial perspective and accurate detail. Rich architectural framing completed the look of thisShow MoreRelatedAncient Greece And The Golden Age Of Hellenic Art1436 Words   |  6 PagesThe excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum in the 18th century provided the world with an incredible source of artworks ranging from fresco’s, paintings, sculptures, mosaics and ceramics. These artworks have been a major source of information about art and history in the ancient world. However, what is significant about many of the art works is their connection to Ancient Greece and the the Golden age of Hellenic Art. So why this fascination for the ancient Greeks? It was a sign of sophisticationRead MoreThe Church Of San Vitale1003 Words   |  5 Pagesstructure. 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Some of these include basilicas such as: Santa Maria Maggiore, St. Giovanni in Lateran, and St. Peter in Chains and churches like St. Peter Outside the Wa lls and San Giuseppe del Falegnami/ Mamertine Prison. These churches and basilicas through their history, art, architecture, and relics or tombs of saints create a rich and intriguing history of ancient Rome. Santa Maria Maggiore HISTORY:

Essay On Social Equality In To Kill A Mockingbird

Social Equality is Missing. Please Return, If Found â€Å"We hold these truths to be self - evident that all men are created equal, and they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† This is a famous line that Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Yet, America has failed to show social equality to every race, religion, and gender since the known article was created. Throughout the novel, To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, and in society today, social equality is not demonstrated in the novel nor in the present. Social equality lacks in how other races other than whites are treated harshly in the 1930s as shown in To Kill a†¦show more content†¦Both in society today and in the 1930s, race inequality has not made enough progress to ensure that a future without racism. America is now a place full of protests about the way of America to change into a better country of freedom of racism. Now, future generations are growing up in a society of violent protests and an America that isnt thriving to become one of the foundations of The United States of America, that all men are created equal. The social ladder in To Kill A Mockingbird and in today’s society accurately describes the lack of social equality. In the novel, there are four main levels of the social classes in Maycomb, Alabama. Theres the ordinary kind like us and the neighbors, theres the kind like the Cunninghams out in the woods, the kind like the Ewells down at the dump, and the Negroes (Chapter 23). Jem explained to S cout that even the poorest of white folks were still considered higher than blacks in the 1930s. In America today, there is 3 main levels of the social hierarchy. Upper, Middle, Lower Classes but there are more divided groups in between such as Middle Lower Class. While white Americans have a percentage of 34% of being middle lower and lower class, African Americans have a 69% rate of being in the middle lower or lower. The comparison of social hierarchy in To Kill A Mockingbird and today is to show social injustice. In both examples of the socialShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird, By George W. Bush1376 Words   |  6 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird is still relevant today To Kill a Mockingbird is a common household name. It’s one of the most famous pieces of literature. George W. Bush says To Kill a Mockingbird is â€Å"a meditation on family, human complexity and some of the great themes of American life. At a critical moment in our history, Mockingbird helped focus the nation on the turbulent struggle for equality.† (Wayne, pg. 1) President Bush couldn’t have been more right, To Kill a Mockingbird is a timeless classic,Read MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Critical Analysis1476 Words   |  6 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird is a popular literary title. It’s one of the most famous pieces of literature. George W. Bush says that the book is â€Å"a meditation on family, human complexity, and some of the great themes of American life. 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However, it is important to realize that this intolerance and hatred was perpetuated not by the majority of people, but by a loud spoken and violent minority. This concept is one of considerable emphasis in To Kill a Mocking Bird and comparably in contemporary issues unfolding right now in Syria and Afghanistan, whereby the masses standRead More Influence of Stereotypes in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee2252 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Section One: Harper Lee’s Life Section Two: Time Period Influences on Lee’s Writing Section Three: Influence of Stereotypes Section Four: To Kill a Mockingbird Reviews Conclusion Works Cited Introduction Which doll is better? In the 1950s, psychologists Kenneth and Mamie Clark asked black children between three and seven to answer this simple, yet revealing question. The kids were shown four dolls that were exactly the same except for their skin colors. 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Cash Flow Estimation and Risk Analysis free essay sample

Then in the early 1960s, when wine sales were expanding rapidly , he joined with his brother Marshall and several other producers to form Robert Montoya, Inc. , which then began an aggressive promotion campaign. Today, its wines are sold throughout the world. The table wine market has matured and Robert Montoya’s wine cooler sales have been steadily decreasing. Consequently, to increase winery sales, management is currently considering a potential new product: a premium varietal red wine using the cabernet sauvignon grape. The new wine is designed to middle-to-upper-income professionals. The new product, Suave Mauve, would be positioned between the traditional table wines and super premium table wines. In market research samplings at the company’s Napa Valley headquarters, it was judged superior to various competing products. Sarah Sharpe, the financial vice president, must analyze this project, and then present her findings to the company’s executive committee. Production facilities for the new wine would be set up in unused section of Robert Montoya’s main plant. We will write a custom essay sample on Cash Flow Estimation and Risk Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page New machinery with an estimated cost of $2,200,000 would be purchased, but shipping costs to move the machinery to Robert Montoya’s plant would total $80,000, and installation charges would add another $120,000 to the total equipment cost. Furthermore, Robert Montoya’s inventories (the new product requires aging for 5 years in oak barrels made in France) would have to be increased by $100,000. This cash flow is assumed to occur at the time of the initial investment. The machinery has a remaining economic life of 4 years, and the company has obtained a special tax ruling that allows it to depreciate the equipment under the MACRS 3-year class life. Under current tax law, the depreciation allowances are 0. 33, 0. 45, 0. 15, and 0. 07 in Years 1 through 4 respectively. The machinery is expected to have a salvage value of $150,000 after 4 years of use. The section of the plant in which production would occur had not been used for several years and, consequently, had suffered some deterioration. Last year, as part of a routine facilities improvement program, $300,000 was spent to rehabilitate that section of the main plant. Earnie Jones, the chief accountant, believes that this outlay, which has already been paid and expensed for tax purposes, should be charged to the wine project. His contention is that if the rehabilitation had not taken place, the firm would have had to spend the $300,000 to make the plant suitable for the wine project. Robert Montoya’s management expects to sell $100,000 bottles of the new wine in each of the next 4 years, at a wholesale price of $40 per bottle, but $32 per bottle would be needed to cover cash operating costs. In examining the sales figures, Sharpe noted a short memo from Robert Montoya’s sales manager which expressed concern that the wine project would cut into the frim’s sales of other wines – this type of effect is called cannibalization. Specifically, the sales manager estimated that existing wine sales would fall by 5 percent if the new wine were introduced. Sharpe then talked to both the sales and production managers and concluded that the new project would probably lower the firm’s existing wine sales by $60,000 year, but, at the same time, it would also reduce production costs by $40,000 per year, all on a pre-tax basis. Thus, the net externality effect would be -$60,000 + $40,000 = -$20,000. Robert Montoya’s federal-plus-state tax rate is 40 percent, and its overall cost of capital is 10 percent, calculated as follows: WACC= Wd kd (1 – T) + Ws ks = 0. 5 (10%)(0. 6)+0. 5(14%) = 10% Now assume that you are Sharpe’s assistant and she has asked you to analyze this project, along with two other projects, and then to present your findings in a â€Å"tutorial† manner to Robert Montoya’s executive committee. As financial vice president. Sharpe wants to educate some of the other executives, especially the marketing and sales managers, in the theory of capital budgeting so that these executives will have a better understanding of capital budgeting decisions. Therefore, Sharpe wants you to ask and then answer a series of questions as set forth next. Keep in mind that you will be questioned closely during your presentation, so you should understand every step of the analysis, including any assumptions and weaknesses that may be lurking in the background and that someone might spring on you in the meeting. 1 Questions 1. Define the term â€Å"incremental cash flow. † Since the project will be financed in part by debt, should the cash flow statement include interest expenses? Explain. 2. Should the $300,000 that was spent to rehabilitate the plant be included in the analysis? Explain. 3. Suppose another winemaker had expressed an interest in leasing the wine production site for $300,000 a year. If this were true (in fact it was not), how would that information be incorporated into the analysis? 4. What is Robert Montoya’s Year 0 net investment outlay on this project? What is the expected no operating cash flow when the project is terminated at Year 4? (Hint: Use Table 1 as a guide) 5. Estimate the project’s operating cash flows. (Hint: Again use Table 1as a guide) What are the project’s NPV, IRR, modified IRR (MIRR), and payback?